Link to: The Natural Resource Ecologly Laboratory website
Title: Loch Vale Watershed Research Project
Link to: Coloraodo State Univeristy website

Last Modified: 03/24/05

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Publications

Surfacewater Related Publications

Allstott, E.J., 1995. Quality Assurance Report, Loch Vale Watershed Study, 1991-1994. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 80523. 22 pp.

Allstott, E.J., M.Bashkin, and J.S. Baron. 2000. Loch Vale Watershed Project Quality Assurance Report: 1995-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-111. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. 48 pp.

Allstott, E.J., J.S. Baron, J.A. Botte. 2000. Loch Vale Watershed Project Methods Manual 2000. 70 pp.

Bachmann, S.A. 1994. Hydrology of a subalpine wetland complex in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University.

Back, J.A. 1992. Stable isotopes as tracers of hydrologic sources to three alpine lakes, Rocky Mountain National Park. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University.

Baron, J. 1983. Comparative water chemistry of four lakes in Rocky Mountain National Park. Wat. Res. Bull. 19:897-902.

Baron, J. and P.M. Walthall. 1985. The nature of precipitation, soil and surface water chemistry in a subalpine ecosystem. ch. 42, pp. 497-509 in: D.E. Caldwell, J.A. Brierly and C.L. Brierly, eds. PLANETARY ECOLOGY. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. New York.

Baron, J., D.R. Beeson, S.A. Zary, P.M. Walthall, W.L. Lindsay and D.M. Swift. 1985. Long-term research into the effects of atmospheric deposition in Rocky Mountain National Park; summary report 1980-1984. NPS Technical Report 84-ROMO-2. 43 pp.

Baron, J., S.A. Norton, D.R. Beeson and R. Herrmann. 1986. Sediment diatom and metal stratigraphy from Rocky Mountain lakes with special reference to atmospheric deposition. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:1350-1362.

Baron, J. and O.P. Bricker. 1987. Hydrologic and chemical flux in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. pp. 141-156 in: R.C. Averett and D. McKnight eds. CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER AND THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE. Lewis Publishers. Ann Arbor, MI.

Baron, J., McKnight, D.M., and A.S. Denning. 1992. Sources of dissolved and suspended organic carbon in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA. Biogeochemistry 15:89-110.

Baron, J.S., 1991. Surface water dynamics and biogeochemical fluxes of Loch Vale Watershed, Colorado. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Range Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 122 pp.

Baron, J. ed. 1992. Biogeochemistry of a subalpine ecosystem: Loch Vale Watershed. Ecological Study Series #90. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Baron J., R.A. Pielke, W.J. Parton, D.S. Ojima, T.B. Kirchner, S.W. Running, and T.G.F. Kittel. 1992. Dynamic land surface/atmosphere parameterization for the South Platte River drainage. pp. 273-283 in: R.Herrmann, ed.: Am. Water Resour. Assoc. Symposium Proceedings: Managing Water Resources During Global Change.

Baron, J., D.S. Ojima, E.A. Holland, and W.J. Parton. 1994. Nitrogen consumption in high elevation Rocky Mountain tundra and forest and implications for aquatic systems. Biogeochemistry 27:61-82.

Baron, J.S., and D.H. Campbell. 1997. Nitrogen fluxes in a high elevation Rocky Mountain basin. Hydrologic Processes 11:783-799.

Baron, J.S., E.J. Allstott, and B.K. Newkirk. 1995. Analysis of long term sulfate and nitrate budgets in a Rocky Mountain basin. pp. 255-262 in: K.A. Tonnesson, M.W. Williams, and M. Tranter, eds. Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. IASH Publication No 228: International Association of Hydrologic Sciences Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.

Baron, Jill, Roger Pielke, Bill Parton, Larry Band, and Steve Running. 1994. Dynamic land surface/atmospheric parameterization at different spatial scales in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. pp. 34-36 in: P.H. Gleick, A. Rango, and K. Cooley, eds., Proceedings of a workshop on the use of hydrological models for evaluating the impacts of climate change in snowmelt water supply basins, Santa Fe, NM 1993. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA 94612. 54 pp.

Baron, J.S., M.D. Hartman, L.E. Band, and R.L. Lammers. 1998. Sensitivity of high elevation Rocky Mountain watersheds to climate change. Pp. 269-273 in: Proceedings of the Fifth National Watershed Conference, Reno NV, May 1997.

Baron, J.S., D.S. Ojima, M.D. Hartman, T.G.F. Kittel, R.B. Lammers, L.E. Band, and R.A. Pielke, Sr. 1997. The influence of land cover and temperature change on hydrological and ecosystem dynamics in the South Platte River basin. Pp. 279-286 in: J.J. Warwick, ed. Proceedings of AWRA/UCOWR Symposium on Water Resources Education, Training, and Practice: Opportunities for the Next Century. AWRA, Herndon, VA, TPS-97-1, 988 pp.

Baron, J.S., M.D. Hartman, T.G.F. Kittel, L.E. Band, D.S. Ojima, and R.B. Lammers. 1998. Effects of land cover, water redistribution, and temperature on ecosystem processes in the South Platte Basin. Ecol. Appl.8:1037-1051.

Baron, J., and J. Turk. 1998. Aquatic ecosystems. Pp. 4-18 in: Haddow, D., R. Musselman, T, Blett, R. Fisher, tech. Coords. Guidelines for evaluating air pollution impacts on wilderness within the Rocky Mountain Region: report of a workshop, 1990. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-4. Fort Collins, CO US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 31 p.

Baron, J.S., and N. Caine. 2000. The temporal coherence of two alpine lake basins of the Colorado Front Range, USA. Freshwater Biology 43: 463-476.

Baron, J.S., M. Hartman, L.E. Band, and R.Lammers. 2000. Sensitivity of a high elevation Rocky Mountain watershed to altered climate and CO2. Water Resources Research, 36:89-99.

Baron, J.S., and M.W. Williams. 2000. Preface to special section: recent Loch Vale Watershed research. Water Resources Research 36:11-12.

Baron, J.S., Heather M. Rueth, Alexander M. Wolfe, Koren R. Nydick, Eric J. Allstott, J. Toby Minear, and Brenda Moraska.. 2000. Ecosystem Responses to Nitrogen Deposition in the Colorado Front Range. Ecosystems 3: 352-368.

Baron, J.S. 2001. Lessons learned from long-term ecosystem research and monitoring in alpine and subalpine basins of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA.. Ekológia (Bratislava) 20, Supplement 2:25-30.

Baron, J.S. ed. 2002. Rocky Mountain Futures: An Ecological Perspective. Island Press, Washington. 325pp.

Baron, J.S., K.R. Nydick, H.M. Rueth, B.M. Lafrancois, and A.P. Wolfe. 2003. High elevation ecosystem responses to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Global Change and Mountain Regions: A State of Knowledge Overview. Ulli M. Huber, Harald K.M. Bugmann, and M.A. Reasoner, eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. In press.

Baron, J.S., S. Del Grosso, D.S. Ojima, D.M. Theobald, and W.J. Parton. 2004. Nitrogen emissions along the Colorado Front Range: Response to population growth, land and water use change, and agriculture. Ecosystems and Land Use Change, Geophysical Monograph Series 153: 117-127.

Botte, J.A., and J.S. Baron. 2004. Quality Assurance Report, Loch Vale Watershed, 1999-2002. USGS Open-File Report 2004-1306. 17 pp.

Botte, J.A., and J.S. Baron. 2004. Loch Vale Watershed Project Methods Manual 2004. 79pp.

Brock, Cynthia L. 1997. Sulfur isotope methods as an approach to sulfur dynamics in a subalpine wetland, Loch Vale Watershed. M.S. Thesis. Department of Earth Resources, Colorado State University. 66 pp.

Burns, D.A. 2002. The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Southern Wyoming - a synthesis and critical assessment of published results. Water-resources-investigations report 02-4066, U.S. Geological Survey, Troy New York.

Burns, D.A. 2003. The effects of atmospheric nitrogen depostion in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and southern Wyoming, USA-- a critical review. Environmental Pollution 127: 257-269, U.S. Geological Survey, Troy, New York.

Campbell, D.H., D.W. Clow, G.P. Ingersoll, M.A. Mast, N.E. Spahr, and J.T. Turk. 1995. Temporal variations in the chemistry of 2 snowmelt-dominated streams in the Rocky Mountains. Wat. Resour. Resear. 31:2811-2822.

Campbell, D.H., D.W.Clow, G.P. Ingersoll, M.A. Mast, N.E. Spahr, and J.T. Turk. 1995. Nitrogen deposition and release in alpine watersheds, Loch Vale, Colorado, USA. pp. 243-254 in: K.A. Tonnesson, M.W. Williams, and M. Tranter, eds. Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. IASH Publication No 228: International Association of Hydrologic Sciences Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.

Campbell, D.H., J.S. Baron, K. Tonnessen, P. Brooks, and P. Schuster. 2000. Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds. Water Resources Research 36:37-48.

Campbell, Donald H.; Kendall, Carol; Chang, Cecily C. Y.; Silva, Steven R.; Tonnessen, Kathy A.. 2002. Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: Determination using *15N and *18O. Water Resources Research 38:10.1029/2001WR000294.

Clements, S. 2001. Spatial and temporal variations of bulk snow properties and stream water chemistry in an alpine/subalpine watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University Department of Earth Resources. 314 pp.

Cline, D.W. 1994. Modeling the spatial distribution and temporal patterns of alpine and subalpine snowmelt. Proceedings of the 1993 Eastern/Western Snow Conference.

Cline, D. 1995. Snow surface energy exchanges and snowmelt at a continental alpine site. Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, IAHS Publ. No. 228, pp. 157-166.

Cline, D.W., 1995. Studies supporting the development of spatially distributed, physically based snowmelt models for continental alpine areas. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado Department of Geography.

Cline, D.W. 1997. Effect of seasonality of snow accumulation and melt on snow surface energy exchanges at a contintental alpine site. J. Appl. Meteor. 36: 32-51.

Cline, D.W. 1997. Snow surface energy exchanges and snowmelt at a continental, midlatitude alpine site. Wat. Resour. Resear. 33: 689-701.

Clow, D.W. 1992. Weathering rates from field and laboratory experiments on naturally-weathered soils. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wyoming, Laramie.

Clow, D.W. and M.A. Mast. 1995. Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale Watershed. pp. 235-242 in: K.A. Tonnesson, M.W. Williams, and M. Tranter, eds. Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. IAHS Publication No 228: International Association of Hydrologic Sciences Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.

Clow, D.W., and J.K. Sueker. 2000. Relations between basin characteristics and stream-water chemistry in alpine/subalpine basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Water Resources Research 36:49-62.

Clow, D.W., J.O. Sickman, R.G. Striegl, D.B. Krabbenhoft, J.G. Elliott, M. Dornblaser, D.A. Roth, D.H. Campbell. 2003. Changes in the chemistry of lakes and precipitation in high elevation national parks in the western United States, 1985-1999. Water Resources Research 39: 6: 1171, doi, 10.1029/2002wr001533.

Clow, D.W., L, Schrott, R. Webb, D.H. Campbell, A. Torizzo, and M. Dornblaser. 2003. Ground water occurrence and contributions to streamflow in an alpine catchment, Colorado Front Range. Ground Water, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 937-950.

Denning, A.S. 1988. Quality assurance report, Loch Vale Watershed project, surface water chemistry 1982-1987.

Denning, A.S. Baron, J., M.A. Mast, and M.A. Arthur. 1991. Hydrologic pathways and chemical composition of runoff during snowmelt in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado USA. Wat. Air, Soil, Pollut. 59:107-123.

Edwards, R.L. 1991. Data Quality Report: 1989-1990, Loch Vale Watershed. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.

Fenn, M.E., M. Poth, J.D. Aber, J.S. Baron, B.T. Bormann, D.W. Johnson, A.D. Lemly, S.G. McNulty, D.F. Ryan, and R. Stottlemyer. 1998. Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: a review of predisposing factors, geographic extent, ecosystem responses, and management strategies. Ecological Applications.8:706-733.

Fenn,M.E., R. Haeuber, G.S. Tonnesen, J.S. Baron, S Grossman-Clarke, D. Hope, D.A. Jaffe, S. Copeland, L. Geiser, H. M. Rueth, AND J.O. Sickman. 2003. Nitrogen Emissions, Deposition and Monitoring in the Western United States. BioScience 53:391-403.

Fenn, M.E. J.S. Baron, E.B. Allen, H. M. Rueth, K.R. Nydick, L. Geiser, W.D. Bowman, J. O. Sickman, T.Meixner, and D. W. Johnson. 2003, Ecological Effects of Nitrogen Deposition in the Western United States. BioScience 53:404-420.

Gibson, J.H. and J. Baron. 1984. Acidic deposition in the Rocky Mountain region. pp. 29-42 in: T.A.Colbert and R.L. Cuany, eds. Proceedings: High-Altitude Revegetation Workshop No. 6. Information Series No. 53. Colorado Water Resources Research Institute. Colorado State University.

Hartman, M.D., J. Baron, R.B. Lammers, D. Cline, L.E. Band, G.L. Liston, and C. Tague. 1999. Simulations of snow distribution and hydrology in a mountain basin. Water Resources Research 35:1587-1603.

Hartman, M.D., J.S. Baron, and D.S. Ojima. 1995. Simulations of snow distribution and hydrology in a mountain basin. GPAC workshop proceedings in computer applications in water management.

Hauer, R., J.S. Baron, D.H. Campbell, K.D. Fausch, S.W. Hostettler, G.H. Leavesley, P.R. Leavitt, D.M. McKnight, and J.A. Stanford. 1997. Assessment of climate change and freshwater ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains, U.S. and Canada. Hydrol. Proc. 11:903-924.

Huang Jian-hui, Jill Baron, and Dan Binkley. 1996. The contribution of wetlands to stream nitrogen load in the Loch Vale Watershed, Colorado, USA. Acta Phytoecologia Sinica 20:289-302.

Ingersoll, G.P., D.H. Campbell, and N.E. Spahr. 1996. Snow depth variability in a small alpine watershed. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 64th Annual Meeting, Bend, Oregon, April 15-18. Colorado State University. pp 159-162.

Ingersoll, G.P. 1995. Estimating snowmelt contribution to the seasonal water balance in a small alpine watershed. M.S. Thesis, University of Colorado Department of Geography.

Johnson, C.A., M.A. Mast, C.L. Kester. 2001. Use of 17O/16O to trace atmospherically-deposited sulfate in surface waters: a case study in alpine watersheds in the Rocky Mountains. Geophys. Resear. Let. 28:4483-4486.

Kendall, C., D.H. Campbell, D.A. Burns, J.B. Shanley, S.R. Silva, and C.C.Y.Chang. 1995. Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using the oxygen and nitrogen isotopic compositions of nitrate. pp. 339-348 in: K.A. Tonnesson, M.W. Williams, and M. Tranter, eds. Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. IASH Publication No 228: International Association of Hydrologic Sciences Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.

Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Chang, C.C.Y, Burns, D.A., Campbell, D.H. and Shanley, J.B. 1995, Use of the d18O and d15N of nitrate to determine sources of nitrate in early spring runoff in forested catchments, in Isotopes in water resources management, proceedings of International Atomic Energy Agency Symposium, Vienna, Austria, March 20-24, 1995, IAEA-SM-336/29, pp.167-176.

Kester, C.L., J.S. Baron, and J.T. Turk. 2003. Isotopic study of sulfate sources and residence times in a subalpine watershed. Environmental Geology 43:606-613.

Lammers, R.B., L.E. Band, and C.L. Tague. 1997. Scaling behaviour of watershed processes. in: P. van Gardingen, G. Foody, and P. Curran, eds. Scaling Up, from Cell to Landscape. Cambridge University Press, pp. 296-317.

Lammers, R.B. 1998. Extending hydro-ecological simulation models from local to regional scales: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario.

Martin, Michael. 1994. Late summer, inorganic nitrogen dynamics of an alpine watershed. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.

Mast, M.A., C. Kendall, D.H. Campbell, D.W. Clow, and J. Back. 1995. Determination of hydrologic pathways in an alpine-subalpine basin using isotopic and chemical tracers, Loch Vale Watershed, Colorado. pp. 263-270 in:
K.A. Tonnesson, M.W. Williams, and M. Tranter, eds. Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. IASH Publication No 228: International Association of Hydrologic Sciences Press, Institute of Hydrology,Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.

Mast, M.A., J.T. Turk, G.P. Ingersoll, D.W. Clow, and C.L. Kester. 2001. Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in Rocky Mountain snowpacks. Atmospheric Environment 35:3303-3313.

McKnight, D., C. Miller, R. Smith, J. Baron and S. Spaulding. 1988. Phytoplankton populations in lakes in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: sensitivity to acidic conditions and nitrate enrichment. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 88-4115, Denver, CO. 102 pp.

McKnight, D., M.V. Brenner, R. Smith and J. Baron. 1986. Seasonal changes in phytoplankton in lakes in LochVale, Rocky Mountain National Park. USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 86-4101. Denver, CO. 64 pp.

McKnight, D.M., R.L. Smith, J.P. Bradbury, J. Baron, and S.A. Spaulding. 1990. Phytoplankton dynamics in threeRocky Mountain lakes, Colorado, USA. Arc. Alp. Resear. 22:264-274.

McKnight, D.M., R. Harnish, R.L. Wershaw, J.S. Baron, and S. Schiff. 1997. Chemical characteristics of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. Biogeochemistry 36:99-124.

Meixner, T., R.C. Bales, M.W. Williams, D.H. Campbell, and J.S. Baron. 2000. Stream chemistry modeling of two watersheds in the Front Range, Colorado. Water Resources Research 36: 77-88.

Michel, R.L, D.H. Campbell, D.W. Clow, and J.T. Turk. 2000. Timescales for migration of atmospherically-derived sulphate through an alpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado. Water Resources Research 36:2736.

Minear, J.T. 1998. Recent changes in water chemistry and diatom assemblages of high-altitude aquatic ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Senior Thesis, The Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO.

Moraska Lafrançois, B. 2002. Algal and invertebrate responses to atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Rocky Mountain lakes. Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Moraska Lafrançois B., K.M. Nydick, and B. Caruso. 2003. Influence of nitrogen on phytoplankton biomass and community composition in fifteen Snowy Range lakes (Wyoming, U.S.A.). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 35:499-508.

Moraska Lafrançois, B., D. M. Carlisle, K. R. Nydick, B. M. Johnson, J. S. Baron. 2003. Environmental Characteristics and Benthic Invertebrate Assemblages in Colorado Mountain Lakes. Western North American Naturalist 63:137-154.

Moraska Lafrancois, B., K.R. Nydick, B.M. Johnson, and J.S. Baron. 2004. Cumulative effects of nutrients and pH on the plankton of two mountain lakes. Can. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sciences. 61: 1153-1165.

Muldoon, K. 2003. A hydrologic and nitrogen mass balance for Embryo Pond, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. M.S. Thesis, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. 53 pp.

Nanus, L., D.H. Campbell, G. P. Ingersoll, D.W. Clow, M.A. Mast. 2003. Atmospheric Deposition Maps for the Rocky Mountians. US Geological Survey, Denver, CO.

Newkirk, B.K., 1995. Loch Vale Watershed Methods Manual. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. 124 pp.

Nydick, K.R., 2002. Mountain lake responses to elevated nitrogen deposition. Ph.D. dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. 162 pp.

Nydick, K.R., B. Moraska Lafrancois, J.S. Baron, and B.M. Johnson. 2003. Lake-specific responses to elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Hydrobiologia, 510: 103-114.

Nydick, K.R., B. Moraska LaFrancois, and J.S. Baron. 2004. NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes: the influence of elevated NO3 concentrations. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 23(3): 397-415.

Nydick, K.R., B. Morasks LaFrancois, J.S. Baron and B.M. Johnson. 2004. Nitrogen regulation of algal biomass, productivity, and composition in shallow mountain lakes, Snowy Range, Wyoming, USA. Can. Journ. Fish. Aquat. Sciences. 61: 1256-1268.

Pielke, R.A., T.J. Lee, T.G.F. Kittel, J.M. Cram, T.N. Chase, G.A. Dalu, and J.S. Baron. 1993. The effect of mesoscale vegetation distribution on the hydrologic cycle and regional and global climate. Pages 82-87, in: Preprints, Conference on Hydroclimatology: Land-Surface/Atmosphere Interactions on Global and Regional Scales, Anaheim, CA, Jan 1993. American Meteorological Society, Boston, Mass.

Reiners, W.A., W.L. Baker, J.S. Baron, D.M. Debinski, S.A. Elias, D.B. Fagre, J.S. Findlay, L.O. Mearns, D.W. Roberts, T.R. Seastedt, T.J. Stohlgren, T.T. Veblen, F.H. Wagner. 2003. Natural Ecosystems I: the Rocky Mountains. Pp. 145-184 in: F.H. Wagner, editor, Preparing for Climate Change: Rocky Mountain/Great Basin Regional Climate Change Assessment, a report of the Rocky Mountain/Great Basin regional assessment team for the U.S. Global Change Research Program. Utah State University, 240 pp.

Shiller, A.M., and T.L. Hebert. 1998. Biogeochemical controls on dissolved trace elements in rivers. Mineral Mag. 62A:1391-1392.

Shiller, A.M. 1999. Dissolved trace elements in a seaonally snow-covered catchment. Pp. 123-125 in: H Ármánnsson, ed. Geochemistry of the Earth’s Surface. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Sorrano, P.A., K.E. Webster, J.L. Riera, T.K. Kratz, J.S. Baron, P. A. Bukaveckas, G.W. Kling, D.S. White, N. Caine, R.C. Lathrop, and P.R. Leavitt. 1999. Spatial variation among lakes within landscapes: ecological organization along lake chains. Ecosystems 2:395-410.

Spaulding, S.A. 1992. Phytoplankton and zooplankton under ice cover in a subalpine lake, The Loch, Rocky Mountain National Park, 1987-89. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-489.33 pp.

Spaulding, S.A. 1991. Phytoplankton community dynamics under ice-cover in The Loch, a lake in Rocky Mountain National Park. M.S. thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.

Spaulding, S.A., J. Baron, and J.V. Ward. 1993. Phytoplankton community dynamics under ice cover in The Loch, a lake in Rocky Mountain National Park. Arch. Hydrobiol. 129:179-198.

Stohlgren, T.J., J. Baron, T.G.F. Kittel, and D. Binkley. 1995. Ecosystem trends in the Colorado Rockies. Pages 310-312, in: Our Living Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. LaRoe, E.T., G.S. Farris, C.E. Puckett, P.D. Doran, and M.J. Mac, eds. Department of Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, DC.

Stohlgren, T.J., J. Baron, and T.G.F. Kittel. 1993. Understanding coupled climatic, hydrological, and ecosystem response to global climate change in the Colorado Rockies Biogeographical Area. Pages 184-200, in: Partners in Stewardship: Proceedings of 7th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands. W.E. Brown and S.D. Veirs, Jr. (eds.). The George Wright Society, Hancock, MI.

Stohlgren, T.J., T.N. Chase, R.A. Pielke, Sr., T.G.F. Kittel, and J.S. Baron. 1998. Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate, vegetation, and stream flow patterns in adjacent natural areas. Glob. Change Biology 4: 495-504.

Sueker, J.K., 1995. Chemical hydrograph separation during snowmelt for three headwater basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. pp. 271-282 in: K.A. Tonnesson, M.W. Williams, and M. Tranter, eds. Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. IASH Publication No 228: International Association of Hydrologic Sciences Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.

Sueker, J.K., 1996. Isotopic and chemical flowpath separation of streamflow during snowmelt and hydrogeologic controls of surface water chemistry in six alpine-subalpine basins, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering.

Sueker, J.K., J.N. Ryan, C. Kendall, and R.D. Jarrett. 2000. Determination of hydrologic pathways and sources of evapotranspiration water during snowmelt using two- and three-component hydrograph separations for six headwater basins, Rocky Mountain National Park. Water Resources Research 36: 63-76.

Turk J.T., Spahr N.E., and Campbell D.H. 1993 Planning document of water, energy, and biogeochemical-budget (WEBB) research project, Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-628, 18 p.

Turk, J.T., H.E. Taylor, G.P. Ingersoll, K.A. Tonnessen, D.W. Clow, M.A. Mast, D.H. Campbell, and J.M. Melack. 2001. Major-ion chemistry of the Rocky Mountain snowpack, USA. Atmos. Environ. 25:3957-3966.

Walko, R.L., L.E. Band, J. Baron, T.G.F. Kittel, R. Lammers, T.J. Lee, R.A. Pielke, Sr., C. Taylor, C. Tague, C.J. Tremback, and P.L. Vidale. 2000. Coupled atmosphere-terrestrial ecosystem-hydrology models for environmental modeling. Jour. Appl. Meteorol. 39:931-944.