Characteristics for soil C/pasture management data points. Blank spaces indicate missing data. 'Grazing' indicates
changes in grazing management and 'conversion' indicates conversion from native vegetation (see text for detailed description).
 
Citation Management
change		 Duration
(years)		 Depth
(cm)		 Initial
soil C		 Final
soil C		 Units1 Latitude Longitude
Argentina
Abril and Bucher 1999 grazing 20 20 35.38 85.18 tC ha-1 -24.7 -63.3
Abril and Bucher 1999 grazing 8 20 35.38 66.49 tC ha-1 -24.7 -63.3
Australia
Barrow 1969 fertilization 33 12 12.18 32.91 tC ha-1 -33 116
Carr and Turner 1959 grazing 10 8 47.53 29.37 tC ha-1 -37.9 145
Chan and Mead 1988 conversion
from cultivation		 25 25 30.18 49.63 tC ha-1 -33 148.5
Chan et al. 1988 conversion
from cultivation		 8 10 0.9 1.3 %C -30 147
Chan et al. 1988 conversion
from cultivation		 50 10 0.9 1.4 %C -30 147
Chan et al. 1988 conversion
from cultivation		 9 10 0.7 1.2 %C -30 147
Chan et al. 1988  conversion
from cultivation		 20 10 0.5 0.9 %C -30 147.3
Chan 1997 conversion
from cultivation		 3 10 4.35 5.37 %C -30 148
Chan 1997 conversion
from cultivation		 3 10 7.88 9.34 %C -30 148
Crocker and Holford 1991 fertilization 20 8 2.02 2.32 %C -30.8 151
Crocker and Holford 1991 fertilization 20 8 2.75 2.82 %C -30.8 150.8
Crocker and Holford 1991 fertilization 20 8 2.63 2.85 %C -30.8 150.8
Golchin et al. 1995 conversion
from cultivation		 75 10 0.75 2.30 %C -36.7 143.6
Golchin et al. 1995 conversion
from cultivation		 50 10 1.83 3.53 %C -34.9 138.9
Kohn et al. 1977 fertilization 5 30 1.23 1.18 %C -35.3 147
Kohn et al. 1977 fertilization 5 30 1.23 1.16 %C -35.3 147
Kohn et al. 1977 fertilization 5 30 1.23 1.21 %C -35.3 147
Loss et al. 1993 conversion 41 60 0.48 0.64 %C -31.4 115.8
Lytton-Hitchins et al.
1994		 fertilization 15 5 40.99 45.49 tC ha-1 -36.3 145.6
Myers 1976 fertilization 5 20 0.676 0.666 %C -14.5 132.5
Oades et al. 1988 fertilization 40 10 2.06 2.18 %C -34.9 138.9
Oades et al. 1988 conversion
from cultivation		 60 10 1.06 2.18 %C -34.9 138.9
Ridley et al. 1990b fertilization 73 60 77.19 82.46 tC ha-1 -36.5 147
Ridley et al. 1990b fertilization 73 60 77.19 91.76 tC ha-1 -36.5 147
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 40 60 4.37 4.36 %C -37.4 147.4
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 35 60 4.42 5.99 %C -37.4 147.4
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 30 60 3.10 3.94 %C -37 146.5
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 46 60 4.31 4.12 %C -36.5 147
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 34 60 1.40 3.81 %C -36 147.2
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 46 60 2.21 2.43 %C -37 146.5
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 31 60 2.36 3.08 %C -36.7 146.4
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 40 60 2.68 2.63 %C -37.5 149.5
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 40 60 2.43 2.84 %C -37.5 149.5
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 46 60 2.30 3.16 %C -37 146.5
Ridley et al. 1990a fertilization 40 60 3.82 3.37 %C -37.4 147.4
Rixon 1966 legume sown 5 8 2.40 2.66 tC ha-1 -35 149
Rixon 1966 legume sown 5 8 2.68 3.45 tC ha-1 -35 149
Rixon 1966 fertilization 5 8 2.40 2.63 tC ha-1 -35 149
Rixon 1966 fertilization 5 8 2.68 2.94 tC ha-1 -35 149
Rixon 1966 irrigation 5 8 2.00 2.68 tC ha-1 -35 149
Rixon 1966 irrigation 5 8 2.00 2.40 tC ha-1 -35 149
Robertson et al. 1993 conversion
from cultivation		 17 100 0.99 1.32 %C -25.7 150.9
Russell 1960 fertilization 34 10 14.81 28.08 tC ha-1 -36 140
Russell 1960 fertilization 38 10 14.81 21.82 tC ha-1 -36 140
Russell 1960 fertilization 31 10 14.81 26.38 tC ha-1 -36 140
Russell 1960 fertilization 39 10 14.81 26.82 tC ha-1 -36 140
Russell 1960 fertilization 31 10 14.81 25.21 tC ha-1 -36 140
Russell 1960 fertilization 33 10 14.81 20.50 tC ha-1 -36 139.9
Russell 1960 fertilization 39 10 14.81 25.32 tC ha-1 -36 140
Skjemstad et al. 1994 conversion 12 15 37.19 52.2 tC ha-1 -25.7 151
Skjemstad et al. 1994 conversion
from cultivation		 12 15 41.91 52.2 tC ha-1 -25.7 151
Skjemstad et al. 1994 conversion
from cultivation		 12 15 36.84 52.2 tC ha-1 -25.7 150.9
Watson 1963 legume sown 6 10 4.59 4.88 %C -34 117.5
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 20 0.58 1.19 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 6 1.19 1.9 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 24 1.03 2.10 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 26 1.92 2.82 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 10 1.5 2.17 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 10 0.93 1.79 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 20 1.01 1.94 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 11 1.59 2.2 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 26 1.27 2.45 %C -34 148
Williams and Donald
1957		 fertilization 22 1.22 1.77 %C -34 148
Brazil
Boddey et al. 1995 grazing 5 15 1.1 1.5 %C -16.7 -39
Boddey et al. 1995 legume sown 5 15 1.1 1.4 %C -16.7 -39
Cadish et al. 1996 conversion 18 15 2.42 1.72 %C -39 -13
Cantarutti et al. 1995 legume sown 8 30 50.2 55.3 tC ha-1 -16.8 -39
Cantarutti et al. 1995 legume sown 8 30 54.5 47.5 tC ha-1 -16.8 -39
Cantarutti et al. 1995 legume sown 8 30 52.3 48.6 tC ha-1 -16.8 -39
Cerri et al. 1991 conversion 3 20 73.1 58.8 tC ha-1 -2 -60.6
Desjardins et al. 1994 conversion 10 20 48.05 44.78 tC ha-1 -1.7 -47.5
Eden et al. 1990 conversion 3 10 1.21 1.8 %C 3.8 -61.4
Eden et al. 1990 conversion 15 10 1.21 1.65 %C 3.8 -61.4
Falesi 1976 conversion 10 20 0.68 0.54 %C -2.98 -47.5
Falesi 1976 conversion 11 20 1.13 0.58 %C -12 -53.5
Feigl et al. 1995 conversion 2 10 15.96 16.56 tC ha-1 -10 -63.5
Feigl et al. 1995 conversion 4 10 15.96 26.69 tC ha-1 -10 -63.5
Feigl et al. 1995 conversion 8 10 15.96 21.0 tC ha-1 -10 -63.5
Feigl et al. 1995 conversion 12 10 15.96 19.88 tC ha-1 -10 -63.5
Feigl et al. 1995 conversion 19 10 15.96 21.92 tC ha-1 -10 -63.5
Feigl et al. 1995 conversion 80 10 15.96 29.19 tC ha-1 -10 -63.5
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 7 30 62.0 61.0 tC ha-1 -9 -64
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 8 30 39.3 32.1 tC ha-1 -10.5 -63.5
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 3 30 27.4 39.7 tC ha-1 -10.5 -63.5
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 5 30 27.4 36.5 tC ha-1 -10.5 -63.5
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 20 30 27.4 39.2 tC ha-1 -10.5 -63.5
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 8 30 29.7 38.5 tC ha-1 -11.3 -63.2
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 20 30 29.7 44.6 tC ha-1 -11.3 -63.2
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 8 30 48.1 45.6 tC ha-1 -11.3 -63.2
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 20 30 48.1 51.5 tC ha-1 -11.3 -632.
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 7 30 50.4 47.6 tC ha-1 -12.5 -60.2
Neill et al. 1997 conversion 12 30 50.4 54.3 tC ha-1 -12.5 -60.2
Trumbore et al.
1995		 conversion 23 800 257 300 tC ha-1 -3.0 -47.5
Trumbore et al.
1995		 fertilization 5 800 300 284 tC ha-1 -3.0 -47.5
Canada
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 3.03 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 3.64 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 3.48 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 2.99 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 2.63 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 2.73 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 3.03 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 2.94 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 2.75 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 2.88 %C 45.92 -66.6
Belanger et al. 1999 fertilization 35 15 3.37 4.35 %C 45.92 -66.6
Dormaar et al. 1977 grazing 24 10 9.03 9.51 %C 50 -114
Dormaar et al. 1977 grazing 45 10 1.37 1.87 %C 49.6 -110
Dormaar and Willms
1990		 grazing 19 2 2.7 1.4 %C 49.6 -112.6
Dormaar et al. 1990 grazing 19 10 10.4 10.4 %C 50 -114
Dormaar et al. 1990 grazing 19 10 10.4 8.1 %C 50 -114
Johnston et al. 1971 grazing 17 10 11.71 10.74 %C 50 -114
Johnston et al. 1971 grazing 17 10 11.71 11.23 %C 50 -114
Johnston et al. 1971 grazing 17 10 11.71 9.68 %C 50 -114
Moulin2 fertilization 12 15 31.5 40.8 tC ha-1 52.8 -105
Moulin2 fertilization 12 15 31.5 42.8 tC ha-1 52.8 -105
Moulin2 fertilization 12 15 31.5 39.9 tC ha-1 52.8 -105
Moulin2 fertilization 12 15 31.5 60.9 tC ha-1 52.8 -105
Moulin2 fertilization 12 15 31.5 39.0 tC ha-1 52.8 -105
Moulin2 fertilization 12 15 31.5 53.4 tC ha-1 52.8 -105
Moulin2 fertilization 12 15 31.5 51.9 tC ha-1 52.8 -105
Moulin2 fertilization 12 15 31.5 61.3 tC ha-1 52.8 -105
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 13 10 30.0 40.0 tC ha-1 53 -111
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 13 10 30.0 52.5 tC ha-1 53 -111
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 34 10 67.5 60.0 tC ha-1 50 -114
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 34 10 67.5 62.5 tC ha-1 50 -114
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 34 10 67.5 55.0 tC ha-1 50 -114
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 21 10 27.5 25.0 tC ha-1 51 -112
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 13 10 30.0 45.0 tC ha-1 53 -111
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 13 10 30.0 42.5 tC ha-1 53 -111
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 21 10 27.5 32.5 tC ha-1 51 -112
Naeth et al. 1991 grazing 34 10 67.5 55.0 tC ha-1 50 -114
Nyborg et al. 1999 fertilization 12 30 89.18 93.07 tC ha-1 53.4 -106.5
Smoliak et al. 1972 grazing 19 10 13.97 14.85 tC ha-1 49.6 -110
Smoliak et al. 1972 grazing 19 10 13.97 17.67 tC ha-1 49.6 -110
Smoliak et al. 1972 grazing 19 10 13.97 14.38 tC ha-1 49.6 -110
China
Chuluun et al. 1999 grazing 20 6 7.85 10.99 tC ha-1 110 43.7
Wang and Chen 1998 grazing 16 100 61.92 62.23 tC ha-1 116.5 43.6
Wang and Chen 1998 grazing 17 50 30.67 31.23 tC ha-1 116.5 43.7
Wang and Chen 1998 grazing 7 100 34.99 37.41 tC ha-1 116.6 43.6
Columbia
Escobar and Toriatti
1991		 conversion 15 100 166.5 120 tC ha-1 1.7 -75.6
Fisher et al. 1994 legume sown 9 100 222.8 267.7 tC ha-1 4.6 -71
Fisher et al. 1994 grass sown 9 100 197 222.8 tC ha-1 4.2 -72.7
Fisher et al. 1994 grass sown 4 100 186.5 237.2 tC ha-1 4.6 -71.3
Guggenberger et al. 1995 grass sown 15 6.62 8.10 %C 4.6 -71.3
Guggenberger et al. 1995 legume 15 8.10 7.79 %C 4.6 -71.3
Rao et al. 1994 legume sown 11 60 1.79 1.82 %C 4.6 -71.3
Costa Rica
Reiners et al. 1994 conversion 35 10 14.41 14.12 tC ha-1 10.4 -84
Reiners et al. 1994 conversion 30 10 28.17 16.47 tC ha-1 10.4 -84
Reiners et al. 1994 conversion 30 10 19.65 15.69 tC ha-1 10.4 -84
Veldkamp 1994 conversion 25 65 124.5 102.7 tC ha-1 10 -83.3
Veldkamp 1994 conversion 25 65 74.0 72.5 tC ha-1 10 -83.3
France
Loiseau and Grignani
1991		 fertilization 15 30 212 182 tC ha-1 45.6 6.1
Mexico
Garcia-Oliva et al. 1994 conversion 1 6 12.3 13.9 tC ha-1 20.3 -105.1
Garcia-Oliva et al. 1994 conversion 3 6 12.3 16.2 tC ha-1 20.3 -105.1
Garcia-Oliva et al. 1994 conversion 7 6 12.3 10.7 tC ha-1 20.3 -105.1
Garcia-Oliva et al. 1994 conversion 11 6 12.3 11.5 tC ha-1 20.31 -105.1
Netherlands
Hassink 1994 fertilization 2 10 2.09 2.00 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 fertilization 2 10 2.10 1.85 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 fertilization 2 10 2.10 2.48 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 fertilization 3 10 3.10 3.05 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 fertilization 9 10 4.70 5.31 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 fertilization 9 10 5.23 5.41 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 grazing 2 10 1.85 2.64 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 grazing 2 10 1.88 2.00 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 grazing 3 10 2.98 3.05 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 grazing 9 10 5.40 5.31 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 grazing 9 10 5.23 4.70 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 conversion
from cultivation		 9 10 2.14 3.15 %C 6.1 52.2
Hassink 1994 conversion
from cultivation		 9 10 1.74 2.96 %C 6.1 52.1
New Zealand
Fraser et al. 1994 conversion
from cultivation		 11 20 2.10 2.89 %C -43.7 171.5
Goh et al. 1977 conversion 35 15 5.7 5.8 tC ha-1 -41.5 175.5
Hart et al. 1988 conversion
from cultivation		 10 30 87.00 110.71 tC ha-1 -41.5 175.5
Haynes and Swift 1990 conversion
from cultivation		 9 15 2.93 3.67 %C -43.4 172.3
Haynes and Williams
1992		 fertilization 37 20 4.04 4.15 %C -43.7 171.5
Jackman 1964 conversion 50 30 44.58 63.89 tC ha-1 -40.2 175.5
Jackman 1964 conversion 30 30 35.69 57.94 tC ha-1 -39.6 176.8
Jackman 1964 conversion 30 30 35.75 51.35 tC ha-1 -37.8 175.2
Jackman 1964 conversion 20 30 65.84 93.54 tC ha-1 -39.4 174.2
Jackman 1964 conversion 40 30 74.54 109.94 tC ha-1 -39.4 174.2
Jackman 1964 conversion 50 30 51.02 89.46 tC ha-1 -35.5 173.8
Jackman 1964 conversion 50 30 53.99 70.91 tC ha-1 -37 175.9
Jackman 1964 conversion 20 30 45.15 66.39 tC ha-1 -38.8 177.6
Jackman 1964 conversion 30 30 30.42 52.64 tC ha-1 -38.1 176.1
Jackman 1964 conversion 50 30 67.59 72.55 tC ha-1 -45.1 171
Lambert et al. 1996 fertilization 20 8 4.93 5.86 %C -41 176
Lambert et al. 1996 fertilization 20 8 4.99 4.93 %C -41 176
Lambert et al. 1996 fertilization 20 8 4.99 5.86 %C -41 176
McIntosh et al. 1994 fertilization 14 10 3.3 5.5 %C -44.5 170.4
Metson and Hurst 1953 fertilization 4 8 3.2 4.2 %C -43.4 172.3
Metson and Hurst 1953 fertilization 4 8 3.2 4.0 %C -43.4 172.3
Metson and Hurst 1953 fertilization 4 8 3.2 3.1 %C -43.4 172.3
Metson and Hurst 1953 fertilization 4 8 3.2 3.1 %C -43.4 172.3
Ngueyn and Goh 1990 fertilization 15 8 3.63 3.88 %C -43.5 172
Ross et al. 1995 fertilization 21 20 6.0 6.5 %C -40.3 175.6
Ross et al. 1982a conversion
from cultivation		 8 5 3.6 7.8 %C -37.8 175.1
Ross et al. 1982a conversion
from cultivation		 10 5 5.9 10.1 %C -37.6 175
Ross et al. 1982b fertilization 20 5 4.6 3.8 %C -43.9 172
Ross et al. 1982b fertilization 20 5 5.6 6.8 %C -43.9 171.9
Ross and Hughes 1985 conversion
from cultivation		 3 5 17.69 17.98 tC ha-1 -40.7 175.6
Sarathchandra et al. 1988 fertilization 20 8 8.92 9.73 %C -38 175.5
Saunders 1956 fertilization 7 20 10.91 11.25 %C -39.7 174.5
Saunders 1956 fertilization 20 30 10.91 9.68 %C -39.7 174.5
Sparling 1992 fertilization 35 20 3.58 3.1 %C -41.1 175.3
Speir and Ross 1983 fertilization 3 8 8.2 8.7 %C -42 172
Speir and Ross 1983 fertilization 5 8 8.2 13 %C -42 172
Stockdill 1982 earthworms 10 30 64.9 94.9 tC ha-1 -45.9 170.2
Stockdill 1982 earthworms 10 30 68.5 85.5 tC ha-1 -45.8 170.3
Stout and Goh 1980 earthworms 59 88.66 89.13 tC ha-1 -41 176
Walker et al. 1959 fertilization 25 20 42.7 44.95 tC ha-1 -39 176.3
Saudi Arabia
Abulfaith et al. 1989 grazing 5 5 0.37 1.00 %C 18.0 42.6
Abulfaith et al. 1989 grazing 5 5 0.68 0.86 %C 18.0 42.6
Tanzania
Belsky 1986 grazing 18 5 6.2 6.1 %C -3 34.9
Uganda
Hatton and Smart 1984 grazing 24 10 3.73 4.43 %C -3.0 31.9
UK
Adams 1982 fertilization 12 3.8 4.2 %C 54.6 -5.9
Adams 1982 fertilization 12 3.8 4.1 %C 54.6 -5.9
Adams 1982 fertilization 12 3.8 4.6 %C 54.6 -5.9
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 59.48 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 79.02 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 81.10 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 82.69 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 72.14 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 78.03 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 74.14 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 61.82 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Arnold et al. 1976 fertilization 57 15 70.73 93.91 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Bardgett et al. 1993 grazing 2 6 36.89 35.70 tC ha-1 54.3 -2.5
Bardgett et al. 1993 grazing 2 6 40.58 40.07 tC ha-1 54.3 -2.5
Bardgett et al. 1993 grazing 2 6 43.64 46.63 tC ha-1 54.3 -2.5
Bardgett et al. 1997 grazing 37 5 62.0 83.2 tC ha-1 53.1 -4
Bardgett et al. 1997 grazing 37 5 99.6 130.4 tC ha-1 53.1 -4
Chaney and Swift 1986 conversion
from cultivation		 20 3.6 9.5 %C 55.7 -3.4
Clement and Williams
1964		 conversion
from cultivation		 6 15 1.24 1.97 %C 51.5 -1
Johnston et al. 1980 fertilization 200 23 1.33 3.71 %C 52 -0.2
Lovell et al. 1995 fertilization 10 10 56.02 51.99 tC ha-1 51.8 -3.8
Lovell et al. 1995 fertilization 10 10 56.02 54.30 tC ha-1 51.8 -3.8
Lovell et al. 1995 fertilization 10 10 56.02 58.98 tC ha-1 51.8 -3.8
Lovell et al. 1995 fertilization 10 10 56.02 60.17 tC ha-1 51.8 -3.8
Marrs et al. 1989 grazing 20 11 42.92 42.34 %C 55 -2.5
Marrs et al. 1989 grazing 20 31 9.28 11.60 %C 55 -2.5
Marrs et al. 1989 grazing 20 31 17.98 26.68 %C 55 -2.5
Marrs et al. 1989 grazing 20 31 25.52 14.5 %C 55 -2.5
Marrs et al. 1989 grazing 20 17 55.10 55.10 %C 55 -2.5
Marrs et al. 1989 grazing 20 18 35.38 35.38 %C 55 -2.5
Marrs et al. 1989 grazing 20 20 54.42 51.04 %C 55 -2.5
Marrs et al. 1989 grazing 20 20 53.94 54.52 %C 55 -2.5
McLaren and Swift 1977 conversion
from cultivation		 50 15 1.33 3.92 %C 55.8 -3.4
McLaren and Swift 1977 conversion
from cultivation		 50 15 1.92 4.35 %C 55.8 -3.4
McLaren and Swift 1977 conversion
from cultivation		 50 15 2.15 5.83 %C 55.8 -3.4
McLaren and Swift 1977 conversion
from cultivation		 50 15 1.96 3.40 %C 55.8 -3.4
McLaren and Swift 1977 conversion
from cultivation		 50 15 2.14 5.56 %C 55.8 -3.4
McLaren and Swift 1977 conversion
from cultivation		 50 15 2.40 4.65 %C 55.8 -3.4
McLaren and Swift 1977 conversion
from cultivation		 50 15 2.35 3.35 %C 55.8 -3.4
Pain et al. 1977 fertilization 1 15 1.45 1.28 %C 51.4 0
Pain et al. 1977 fertilization 1 15 1.45 1.39 %C 51.4 0
Pain et al. 1977 fertilization 1 15 1.45 1.97 %C 51.4 0
Pringle and Coutts 1956 legume 2 15 2.41 2.64 %C 57.3 -2
Pringle and Coutts 1956 grass sown 2 15 2.59 2.79 %C 57.3 -2
Pringle and Coutts 1956 legume 2 15 2.79 2.57 %C 57.3 -2
Rawes 1981 grazing 18 10 8.00 8.53 %C 55 -2.5
Rawes 1981 grazing 18 10 32.77 13.75 %C 55 -2.5
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.60 3.76 %C 52 -0.2
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.60 3.06 %C 52 -0.2
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.76 3.87 %C 52 -0.2
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.60 3.10 %C 52 -0.2
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.76 3.46 %C 52 -0.2
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.60 2.97 %C 52 -0.2
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.60 2.70 %C 52 -0.2
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.60 3.91 %C 52 -0.2
Richardson 1938 fertilization 60 20 3.76 3.58 %C 52 -0.2
Shiel 1986 fertilization 87 33 91.29 119.7 tC ha-1 55 -1.5
Whitehead et al. 1975 conversion
from cultivation		 17 15 1.73 4.77 %C 51 -1
Whitehead et al. 1975 conversion
from cultivation		 100 15 0.95 4.77 %C 51 -1
USA
Bauer et al. 1987 grazing 75 46 96.92 90.77 tC ha-1 46 -101
Bauer et al. 1987 grazing 75 46 85.39 65.39 tC ha-1 46 -101
Bauer et al. 1987 grazing 75 46 109.23 97.69 tC ha-1 46 -101
Brown and Schuster 1969 grazing 100 25 83.13 78.46 tC ha-1 32.6 -100.9
Burke et al. 1995 conversion from cultivation 53 10 8.23 9.87 tC ha-1 40.6 -105.1
Dodds et al. 1996 conversion
from cultivation		 54 100 0.48 1.25 %C 31.5 -96
Drew 1947 grazing 125 15 2.26 2.30 %C 39 -92.5
Frank et al. 1995 grazing 65 107 141 117 tC ha-1 46.8 -105.8
Frank et al. 1995 grazing 65 107 141 140 tC ha-1 46.8 -105.8
Franzluebbers et al.
1999		 grass sown 8 30 32.9 33.0 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers et al.
1999		 grass sown 15 30 45.7 44.2 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers et al.
1999		 grass sown 15 30 49.5 45.6 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers et al.
1999		 fertilization 15 30 44.2 45.6 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers et al.
1999		 fertilization 15 30 49.5 45.6 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers et al.
2000		 grazing 19 20 38.6 39.5 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers et al.
2000		 grazing 15 20 29.2 37.9 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers3 conversion
from cultivation		 3 6 12.7 18.2 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers3 conversion
from cultivation		 3 6 13.8 14.9 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers3 conversion
from cultivation		 3 6 12.9 17.6 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Franzluebbers3 conversion
from cultivation		 3 6 14.2 15.6 tC ha-1 33.6 -83.3
Gardner 1950 grazing 30 13 0.58 0.70 %C 32.8 -108.3
Gebhart et al. 1994 conversion from cultivation 5 300 82.9 86.2 tC ha-1 39.8 -101.1
Gebhart et al. 1994 conversion from cultivation 5 300 36.4 37.7 tC ha-1 32.3 -101.5
Gebhart et al. 1994 conversion from cultivation 5 300 98 112.8 tC ha-1 39.5 -101
Gebhart et al. 1994 conversion from cultivation 5 300 37 39.8 tC ha-1 32.5 -102.8
Gebhart et al. 1994 conversion from cultivation 5 300 45 50.3 tC ha-1 43 -101
Jastrow conversion form cultivation 10 30 38.3 49.7 tC ha-1 42 -87
Kelting 1954 grazing 23 46 0.87 1.01 %C 35.3 -97.4
Long et al. 1975 fertilization 3 80 0.27 0.37 %C 32.6 -85.5
Manley et al. 1995 grazing 11 30 36.03 42.31 tC ha-1 41.8 -105
Manley et al. 1995 grazing 11 30 36.03 38.08 tC ha-1 41.8 -105
Manley et al. 1995 grazing 11 30 36.03 38.08 tC ha-1 41.8 -105
Manley et al. 1995 grazing 11 30 36.03 42.05 tC ha-1 41.8 -105
Milchunas et al. 1998 grazing 1 10 2.2 2.1 %C 40.8 -104.8
Milchunas et al. 1998 grazing 1 20 1.21 1.06 %C 40.8 -104.8
Mugiwra 1976 fertilization 3 90 1.02 1.29 %C 34.7 -86.7
Mugiwra 1976 fertilization 3 90 1.02 1.58 %C 34.7 -86.7
Mugiwra 1976 fertilization 3 90 1.02 2.04 %C 34.7 -86.7
Mugiwra 1976 fertilization 3 90 1.02 1.15 %C 34.7 -86.7
Mugiwra 1976 fertilization 3 90 1.02 1.11 %C 34.7 -86.7
Potter et al. 1999 conversion from cultivation 6 120 169.7 184.8 tC ha-1 31.0 -97.5
Potter et al. 1999 conversion from cultivation 26 120 139.4 154.5 tC ha-1 31.0 -97.5
Potter et al. 1999 conversion from cultivation 60 120 139.4 160.6 tC ha-1 31.0 -97.5
Rasmussen & Brotherson
1986		 grazing 27 20 0.12 0.17 %C 37.1 -112.5
Reeder et al. 1998 conversion from cultivation 4 28 25.8 30.7 tC ha-1 42.75 -104.5
Reeder et al. 1998 conversion from cultivation 4 28 25.8 35.1 tC ha-1 42.75 -104.5
Reeder et al. 1998 conversion from cultivation 4 28 51.4 50.7 tC ha-1 44.93 -105.8
Reeder et al. 1998 conversion from cultivation 4 28 51.4 52.0 tC ha-1 44.93 -105.8
Reeder et al. 1998 fertilization 4 28 30.7 35.11 tC ha-1 44.93 -105.8
Rummell 1951 grazing 40 46 2.44 1.94 %C 46.5 -120.8
Schuman et al. 1999 grazing 12 90 88.15 101.27 tC ha-1 41.8 -105
Schuman et al. 1999 grazing 12 90 88.15 91.94 tC ha-1 41.8 -105
Schwab et al. 1990 fertilization 20 60 15.76 18.03 %C 36.5 -96.2
Schwab et al. 1990 fertilization 20 60 15.76 17.40 %C 36.5 -96
Schwab et al. 1990 fertilization 20 60 15.76 17.55 %C 36.5 -96
Wood and Blackburn 1984 grazing 20 3 19.29 19.29 tC ha-1 33.5 -99
Wood and Blackburn 1984 grazing 20 3 14.11 23.69 tC ha-1 33.5 -99
Wood and Blackburn 1984 grazing 20 3 14.11 21.40 tC ha-1 33.5 -99
Wood and Blackburn 1984 grazing 20 3 14.11 25.52 tC ha-1 33.5 -99
Wood and Blackburn 1984 grazing 20 3 14.11 17.17 tC ha-1 33.5 -99
Wood and Blackburn 1984 grazing 20 3 14.11 13.57 tC ha-1 33.5 -99.2
Zimbabwe
King and Campbell 1994 conversion 33 50 4.01 3.57 %C -18.1 31.5

1 Soil C values in tC ha yr-1 were either given in the article as tC ha-1 yr-1 or were derived from percent soil C and bulk density.

2 Data from Moulin A. P., D. H. McCartney, S. Bittnam, and W. F. Nuttall. Long-term effects of fertilizer on soil carbon in a pasture soil. (In preparation)

3 Franzluebbers AJ, Stuedemann JA, Knapp SW, Seman DH. 1999. Carbon budgets of grazed and ungrazed bermudagrass in the Southern Piedmont USA. Agronomy Abstracts.